Disruption management in production planning

We study the problem of recovering a production plan after a disruption, where the disruption may be caused by incidents such as power failure, market change, machine breakdown, supply shortage, worker no‐show, and others. The new recovery plan we seek after has to not only suit the changed environment brought about by the disruption, but also be close to the initial plan so as not to cause too much customer unsatisfaction or inconvenience for current‐stage and downstream operations. For the general‐cost case, we propose a dynamic programming method for the problem. For the convex‐cost case, a general problem which involves both cost and demand disruptions can be solved by considering the cost disruption first and then the demand disruption. We find that a pure demand disruption is easy to handle; and for a pure cost disruption, we propose a greedy method which is provably efficient. Our computational studies also reveal insights that will be helpful to managing disruptions in production planning. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.     

高精度轴类零件的砂带确定性修形方法

为提高金属轴类零件的加工精度,基于光学确定性加工原理将振动砂带研抛方法用于轴类零件的高精度修形中。在这种方法中,弹性接触轮在一定压力下与轴类工件接触形成一个矩形研抛区域,砂带覆盖在接触轮上,通过接触轮的轴向振动可以实现材料可控去除。利用圆柱度仪测量得到轴零件外圆表面的轮廓形貌,得到被加工零件表面轮廓的误差分布。使用脉冲迭代法计算接触轮在圆柱表面不同位置的驻留时间,通过机床主轴的伺服控制实现工件不同位置材料去除量的大小,从而实现被加工零件圆柱度误差的确定性修整。在经过仿真加工后,在一根45#钢轴的一段柱面上进行了确定性修形实验。结果表明,工件平均圆度误差从0.42 μm收敛至0.11 μm,圆柱度误差从0.76 μm收敛至0.35 μm,加工后的形状精度优于超精密外圆磨床的加工精度,验证了高精度轴类零件柱面上确定性修形的可行性。     

A heuristic for the two‐machine no‐wait openshop scheduling problem

In this paper the problem of minimizing makespan in a two‐machine openshop is examined. A heuristic algorithm is proposed, and its worst case performance ratio and complexity are analyzed. The average case performance is evaluated using an empirical study. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 129–145, 1999     

The selection allocation problem

The Selection Allocation Problem (SAP) is a single period decision problem which involves selecting profit‐maximizing (or cost‐minimizing) activities from various distinct groups, and determining the volume of those activities. The activities in each group are selected subject to the availability of that group's resource, which is provided by either pooling or blending raw inputs from several potential sources. Imbedded in the decision process is the additional task of determining how much raw input is to be allocated to each group to form the resource for that group. Instances of this problem can be found in many different areas, such as in tool selection for flexible manufacturing systems, facility location, and funding for social services. Our goal in this paper is to identify and exploit special structures in the (SAP) and use those structures to develop an efficient solution procedure. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 707–725, 1999     

Openshop scheduling under linear resources constraints

Consider n jobs (J₁, …, J_n), m working stations (M₁, …, M_m) and λ linear resources (R₁, …, R_λ). Job J_i consists of m operations (O_i1, …, O_im). Operation O_ij requires P_k(i, j) units of resource R_k to be realized in an M_j. The availability of resource R_k and the ability of the working station M_h to consume resource R_k, vary over time. An operation involving more than one resource consumes them in constant proportions equal to those in which they are required. The order in which operations are realized is immaterial. We seek an allocation of the resources such that the schedule length is minimized. In this paper, polynomial algorithms are developed for several problems, while NP-hardness is demonstrated for several others. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 45: 51–66, 1998     

基于方位变化率的目标运动分析

目标方位变化率对运动要素解算有着重要的影响.但不同目标运动要素(目标距离、航向或速度)的求解精度,对目标的方位变化率又有着不同的要求.从确定性算法入手,进行了方位变化率对目标运动要素解算精度影响的理论分析,并通过仿真计算验证了理论分析的正确性,证明了该理论具有一定的应用价值.     

计算机控制抛光中基于等面积增长螺旋线的加工路径

目前计算机控制抛光工艺中使用的阿基米德螺旋线路径,存在加工工件中心区域时工件转速过快的缺点.为了克服该缺点,分析了螺旋线路径加工的特点,分析表明工件的瞬时转速取决于加工点的驻留时间密度和螺旋线的面积增长速率.据此,提出了一种新的螺旋线作为抛光路径,该螺旋线的面积增长速率恒定,因此也称为等面积增长螺旋线.利用该螺旋线路径,加工转速趋于恒定,可降低加工中心区域的转速,从而降低对机床运动性能的要求,降低设备成本和加工成本.实验结果证实,阿基米德螺旋线路径加工中心区域容易产生过加工问题,加工精度较低;等面积增长螺旋线路径加工可避免中心区域过加工问题,获得较高的加工精度.     

应用细小离子束加工小型精密光学零件

随着现代光学技术的发展,全频段误差控制已成为高精度光学零件制造的一个基本要求.基于小磨头抛光原理的先进修形技术虽然能有效修正低频面形误差,但对于中高频段的面形误差难以修正.中高频误差成为了现代光学加工普遍关注的难点.理论研究表明,减小小磨头尺寸可以提高工艺对中高频误差的修正能力,进一步提高光学加工精度.本文针对中高频面形误差的控制问题,开展细小离子束修形工艺研究,研究了获取小束径离子束的引束机理和引束结构,初步实现了稳定的细小离子束,针对某小型精密光学元件的具体加工问题,仿真研究了不同束径的加工效率和加工残差,并选择最优束径对元件进行了加工试验,使元件的精度从初始的0.111λrms减小到了0.015λrms(λ=632.8nm).     

离子束加工误差对散射损失的影响研究

离子束加工(Ion Beam Figuring,IBF)去除函数对加工残差具有重要的影响,而加工残差引起的表面散射则导致光学性能发生变化.为了减小加工残差对光学性能的影响,利用基于CCOS成形原理的离子束加工仿真程序对光学镜面进行修形,分析不同去除函数宽度对散射损失(Ratio of Scattering Loss,RSL)指标的影响.通过研究可知,随着去除函数宽度的减小,加工残差对散射损失的影响越来越小.因此,根据加工残差对RSL指标的影响程度以及RSL指标要求,可以合理选择去除函数宽度,从而在满足面形精度的同时,优化加工工艺.